Assignment 5 – Textile Solutions

So here I am, starting on my final assignment. I’ve gone over and over the ideas that I have for this next exercise, and I’ve settled on one to run with. I was very inspired by my last assignment on sketchbooks and wanted to develop the myriad of ideas that arose from that exercise.

During the past 12 months, we’ve all being living in a very different way due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It’s caused me to re-evaluate my place in the world, forced me to focus on my own locality and to spend many hours reflecting on what’s important to me. I also want to say here that I have been extremely fortunate for this crisis to have come at the stage of my life it has done. I have retired from work (well almost!), I have no mortgage or rent to worry about, I don’t worry about how I can afford to put food on my table or heat my home and I don’t have school age children who need home schooling. I am very grateful that I don’t have those things to worry about.

Throughout the last year I have explored my local area like never before. I always knew my local area very well, but my usual default was to go much further afield and explore distant places – both here in the UK and beyond. The pandemic has forced us into lockdowns and suddenly my local area, particularly my local countryside, has become so important and a vital source of comfort and support. My daily walks have taken me to places I knew so well, or so I thought, but I have always learnt more, both about my surroundings and about myself. In my last assignment I tried to create a ‘map’ of sorts which told a story about some of my experiences, starting with the actual earth in my own back garden. This idea grew to include textiles and materials I have collected both locally and from our trip around the world. Whilst I was working on that project, completely by chance I read a review about a book by textile artist, Anne Kelley, called “Textile Travels”.  This appealed to me immensely and I immediately ordered it, but it didn’t arrive until after I had submitted the assignment.

I now have the book! It has now become my inspiration for this next project and has helped me to build my own ideas in relation to the “maps” concept I wanted to use for this next piece. Dorothy Caldwell inspired me so much with my last assignment, and I feel that Anne Kelly will help me to develop my ideas.

In her book, Anne Kelly shows her map project (pictured above) which she developed whilst on a teaching trip in the South West of England. As soon as I saw this idea, I knew that this is where I wanted to focus my piece. I love the idea of marking the map with memories to capture the essence of the place, as she experienced it, on her trip there.

So my idea is to take a map of my local area, and embellish it with things that ‘speak’ to me about my place in the world. I also have an old Bartholomew map of Warwickshire (the county in which I live) which was my father’s (he loved maps!) which depicted the area before the motorways, and I really wanted to use that, but as of this moment, I cannot bring myself to ‘do’ anything to it. I need to practise first …..

My plan is to use collage, both paper and fabric, stitching, gluing and stamping (block printing) onto fabric and paper and then applying it to the map. I want to depict images, using these techniques, which mean something to me about the area. I want to try and capture what the places mean to me.  I have lots of ideas and pictures in my mind about what I want to achieve, but where to start when I don’t want to ‘attack’ the map just yet?

So to warm me up a bit, I got my printing blocks out which I had bought on my trip to India in March 2020 (we literally flew home on one of the last planes to leave before lockdown!), and had never used. Although that’s not quite true as I used one in my last assignment – the simple swirl, which I used with gouache paint. But I have lots of different ones, so I first started by using my new watercolour pencils (new to me anyway – a gift from a neighbour who was clearing out her art materials – another link to my immediate locality) and as if doing a brass rubbing, I went over my block of a tree with the pencil. I then wetted the block with a paintbrush and stamped it onto a piece of cartridge paper. What resulted was a lovely, very muted “ghostlike” image of a tree. I loved it! Then I painted with watercolour paint directly onto the block and stamped it on the paper, which gave a distinctly different image of the same block, and then carried on stamping a second and third time where the image became increasingly fainter, but still not like the first image with the pencil. I did the same two techniques (pencil and paint) with a small flower block. I then took two different blocks and painted different colours, using the watercolour paints, onto different areas of the block.  This took a bit of time and when I had finished the last colour, the first colour was completely dry on the block, so I wetted the whole block with water and then stamped it on the page. I really liked the effect that this gave with the subtle colours coming through and less “harsh”. My intention is to print with the blocks onto fabric and then maybe stitch around the images in some form.

I then printed out some maps of my local area directly onto a special type of paper that I then transferred onto some robust canvas fabric using an iron.  The first thing which became apparent was that the image was reversed and the maps were back to front! I cannot think how to change this at the moment – perhaps I need to change the settings on the printer? But then I thought …. actually, it’s fine the way it is; it sort of sums up everything this last year has been, we’ve literally been stuck looking inwards, as is the map.

I drew on my earlier collage exercises and pieces and decided to use the first map – which was of the footpaths I use almost daily, and also shows my street.  As I said earlier, my head was bursting with ideas – now to get them down on the canvas. I wanted to start with the very fundamentals of what my life has become over the past 10 months. So I sketched out a walking boot, using charcoal on cartridge paper, and then coloured it in with my watercolour pencils, cut it out and stuck it down with PVA glue right in the middle of the map. There is a red line which surrounds the boot on the map and this depicts a footpath which I use almost daily to walk my dog. I then used a scrap piece of fabric to run along the bottom of the canvas – to depict the flora of the countryside which I am walking in.

I then cut out images from pieces of fabric which I have in my fabric collection – of a sheep, a bee, a butterfly and a brightly coloured campervan, from which I had made facemasks from for my friend. The campervan I placed on the road part of the map. This was to depict my own campervan, which we have barely used over the last few months, but which forms a large part of my imagination! The sheep are ever present on my walks, and I regularly use fleece from their backs (kindly given to me by the farmer) to spin and knit with. The butterfly and the bee – they also feature frequently on my walks (although perhaps not so much at this time of year, February/March).  I had the idea, building on my last assignment, of creating images which all meant something to me, and depict pertinent objects, such as the boot, the sheep etc.. But as I look at this first piece, I’m not sure it works as well as I had imagined. But I will persevere with it; as I write this, the glue is still wet on the canvas, but I want to stitch a border around the edge and also the stitch across the whole piece, as I have seen in Anne Kelly’s work.

In total I have three maps of my local area which I have printed onto transfer paper and then ironed onto canvas.

The second map actually depicted the road where I live on the left-hand side of the image (it should be the right side but hey ho) and to the right is the one of the walks I do regularly, in fact I have to walk along at least part of this footpath to access any further afield walks. I decided to use some different techniques on this one; I used a shoelace and stitched it down all around the edge of the map, with the two ends of the lace meeting where my house is.  I wanted to get the lace down quickly as once it was down I could do more things to the map, but once I started I found the process of stitching the brown shoelace to the fabric very soothing and calming. It was like I was walking a route, even though the lace doesn’t depict any particular route, just a generalisation, it is symbolic with boots and walking.

Then I returned to my tree block as I wanted to incorporate this in some way in this piece. I initially thought of using watercolour paints and stamping it directly onto the map, but because of the texture of it, it’s a flexible plasticky type texture, I didn’t think it would work very well, and I didn’t try it as I didn’t want to ‘ruin’ it. So I used green paint and stamped it onto a piece of cartridge paper. This worked OK, but then I had the idea to stamp it directly onto some old curtain lining fabric I had and this worked much better.

The tree image is very powerful to me; many years ago (around 1981) my father planted an acorn in a tub in the garden, and it grew very well. 10 years later, in 1991 the year my first son was born, he planted it in a row of trees in the park close to his home (there was a gap alongside the fence where a tree had died) and over the years we, as a family, have watched it grow into the beautiful English Oak tree it now is. It’s poignancy to me is even greater now as when my mother died in 1999, we buried her ashes beneath it and when my father died in 2001, we did the same for him. I now live in my old family home – where the tree started its life –  and I pass it daily on my walks. Over the past year, I have spent a lot of time reflecting (haven’t we all!) and things like this, the connection of people and places, have become increasingly more important to me.

I digress ….. I decided to stitch the tree down onto a piece of knitting I had done (a sample swatch for some project or other) as it was sort of a shape of a leaf, and then stitched it down where the lace met, which covers the street where I live. This image is quite raised from the canvas, and I’m not sure how I will stitch over it, as is my plan. Then using small scraps of fabric I cut out rough ‘leaves’ and arranged them around the lace , sticking them down with a glue stick – keeping with the tree theme. I had thought of just putting the leaves down randomly, ie mixing different fabric leaves together, but I felt that they looked better in fabric ‘pairs’. I then decided to sketch an acorn, as I had done with the boot in the first piece, using the same techniques – the outline in charcoal and then coloured in using the watercolour pencils. The acorn symbolising where everything begins, literally taking us back to the beginning, starting again.

I thought about using very lightweight fusible interfacing over the entire piece before stitching it down but decided against this as it might have melted the transfer. I want to stitch the piece all over, using my sewing machine. Just not sure exactly how I’m going to achieve that at the moment.

I tried laminating using the technique which Anne Kelly describes in her book, of a mixture of 50/50 PVA glue and water on tissue paper.  I initially tried to soak the tissue paper (reclaimed from the packing in the box of a pair of walking boots my husband ordered!) in the solution and placed it on a test piece, but the tissue kept tearing and the images underneath became somewhat lost.  Once it was dry, I stitched over the top, using a similar stitch to the one Anne Kelly uses, and I liked the effect this gave, but felt that it lost the definition of the underlying image. I’m not sure about this laminating technique for this project …..

For the final piece in this work, I decided to use a map of my town on a slightly smaller scale, and then put images of all the things that have become important to me, or that I have been involved with during the last year.  I found some beautiful illustrations of vegetables and flowers which were on an envelope from a seed company and cut them out with a border of the white envelope around each one. Again, I used my new watercolour pencils (which I love!) and shaded the white in with a shade of green and stuck them on the part of the map where my house is.

Last Spring, during the first lockdown, we planted many different vegetables amongst the flowers in our back garden and the pea pod in particular, linked in with my last assignment. Along the top of the map, I’ve strung a row of bunting, which I found on some fabric I had used for a bag project some years ago. The bunting depicts the way my street has come together over the last year and has become a great socially connected community, which is something which was not there before we were all forced to stay home. We set up a WhatsApp group and since the first lockdown, we have held street parties (when we have been allowed of course – and all socially distanced), competitions for the children and supported the more vulnerable residents of the street. In fact one of the new residents who moved into the street during the second lockdown, was advised by the estate agent that it was a very community minded street and that cinched their decision to buy! The bunting depicts this for me.

I had some beautiful wrapping paper in which someone had kindly sent me a gift, which had abstract images of birds on. This reminded me of the walks we have had where we have gone much further afield (mainly last summer before the mud set in) but all on foot from our house. I stuck this down on the map in the top right-hand corner and in the bottom right-hand corner I put some images of water plants on a piece of scrap fabric I had in my stash; taken together on the right-hand side of this piece hints at the places we went to beyond the confines of this map.

Just in from the right, I placed another image of a sheep (I have quite a few images of sheep on fabric in my collection!) and using some of my hand spun wool, I placed a strand of it on top of the sheep leading down to a piece of Harris Tweed on which I had sewn two images of cotton reels and a tape measure. These images depict the many hours of sewing I did – both in the early days of the pandemic, where I stitched many, many scrub bags and face masks, but also, I did quite a lot of sewing for myself too; mending, adapting and re-purposing fabric. Instead of hand sewing the cotton reel images onto the tweed, I used the applique setting on my sewing machine.

In the middle of the piece is an image of a bicycle, which has been another feature of this year for me. We have hardly used our car and my bike has been my main source of transport. Just below the bike is an image of a dog, although the image blends into the background and doesn’t stand out quite as much as the other images. This was actually deliberate. I wanted to depict that, always there, in her quiet way, someone who influences everything we do, our beautiful rescue border collie, Lucy – although she looks nothing like the dog in the image!  And finally, tucked away in the bottom left-hand corner, is a tiny sketch of a face mask with a splash of pink, which needs no explanation!

And while I still love the idea of laminating the work, as per my inspiration from Anne Kelly, I haven’t got it quite right with my sample test pieces, and don’t feel confident to use it on this final piece. I think it will obliterate or obscure the images on the pieces and it will lose definition.  So I decided to stitch round each image on each piece in Kantha stitch, using threads and wool. I inherited my mother’s sewing box and in it I found various mending threads (a mixture of wool and nylon) which were goodness knows how old! I also found some very old, but very strong black thread in the box and used that as well to stitch round the hand sketched, and painted images. Again, this was very much linking the past with the present, anchoring myself to the place where I live using materials which came from my mother who is no longer with me.

But I still felt that the pieces need ‘finishing’.

I needed to think how to do this ….. maybe to put a backing on each piece and to secure the raw edges with the overlocker? If so what colour? Would that be too dominating?

In the end, I decided to ‘back’ each piece individually with offcuts of an old sheet, and then finished the edges by sewing down more pieces of the wool (I had used a different piece of wool around three sides of each piece already) to effectively frame each panel. I then decided to link them all together with pieces of tape, so that they could be hung up on a wall but also folded together like a sketch book and stored away.

As I’m not sure how well the paper images will hold up; I’ve given each of those a coating of diluted PVA glue to help prevent the edges drying out and curling away from the map.

And I am very pleased with the finished result! I think it perfectly sums up the last year for me; my own personal creative development and the importance of my home and my place in the world.  

None of this work would have happened if we had not have had a pandemic, and that includes me actually completing this course. By the beginning of the first lockdown, I had been disillusioned with the course. Someone had said to me after I had felt brave enough to say that I was undertaking a course in textiles, “Oh, you don’t want to do that, just do your own thing” or words to that effect. This person held a degree in fine art, and clearly creativity came more easily to them than it did to me, and it had a profoundly negative effect on me. What did I think I was doing? Leave that sort of thing to people who know what they’re doing etc., etc.. As ever the little nagging voice in my head was at work.

Just before lockdown, I’d met a wonderfully inspiring 90-year-old lady, with whom I have walked with regularly over the last year (she is incredible!) and during one of our many conversations, she happened to tell me that when she was in her 50’s she embarked on a degree. This inspired me to return to this course, and I am so glad I had that conversation with her. I have learned much from it; I genuinely feel that my creativity has been ‘awakened’ and I have a myriad of ideas leaping out of my head daily. I am not afraid to give things a go and experiment with new tools and ideas. Leading directly from this last assignment, I have plans in place to complete a much larger ‘map’ project to depict our last holiday where we spent a month travelling all around Scotland in our motorhome. I have the map …….. !

I’ve also still got the map of Warwickshire which belonged to my father, and I will do something with this. After completing this assignment, I feel that rather than ‘spoiling’ it, whatever I do will enhance it’s meaning to me and it will become more than ‘just a map’.

So, I feel it is fitting that this last assignment should be paying some kind of homage to the pandemic; it has been a terrible time in so many ways for so many people, but it has also been a good time; a time where people have come together, especially through art. All around my hometown, people have either been leaving inspiring and comforting words depicted in art, or people have turned to art because they have had the time and space to do so. Many things have been said about the pandemic, but for me personally, it has given me the time, space and motivation to explore my creativity and to allow myself to do so. Had it not been for my friend, I may not have completed it and my creative life would be much the worst for it.

For me I feel I have now begun a creative journey that will be much like travel; I will see, experience and be inspired by so many different things and I look forward to incorporating them all into my new creative life!

Exercise 3 – Materials

Exercise 3 – Materials

I am really looking forward to getting started on this section! 

In preparation for doing the exercise, I collected the following types of materials:

  • Wallpaper (plain)
  • Unwashed calico
  • Washed calico
  • Offcuts from some old denim style curtains
  • Netting
  • Fusible interfacing
  • Bias strips of furnishing fabric
  • Strips of wadding
  • Carded wool sliver
  • Lots of scraps of fabrics – all sorts

The themes I have chosen to follow (at this stage) are:

  • Embossed and padded
  • Fibrous and hairy

After a break of over 6 weeks, it has been challenging to get started again on my studies in a practical way.  Although I have found myself thinking a lot more about material and textures, especially when in the natural environment, such as beaches and woodland.

I started by researching some of the artists who use material manipulation in their work, although it could be argued that all textile artists use material manipulation, as there is always some form of ‘change’ which any material undergoes in order to become something else.  There are a myriad of artists and techniques ‘out there’ and after spending a few days looking at lots and lots of different artists work, I started to experience my usual overwhelming feelings of not being good enough and what on earth was I thinking by enrolling on this course.  So I stopped looking at other people’s work and returned my attention to focus on what I know and love …..

I have always loved the natural world, natural colours and natural fabrics.  I particularly love wool and am fascinated with the myriad of things that it can be used for and what can be done to it to create fabrics and material.  It was only when I began to think in more detail about materials and what we can do to them to create different things, that I came to realise how truly remarkable wool is.  Take felting and needle-felting for example; this technique can be used to create wearable garments as well as wearable art, but it can also be used sculpturally to create stand-alone pieces of art. So versatile. Felted wool is used as insulation in houses, packaging for delicate items and those which need to be kept either cool or hot, due to its insulating properties.  And one use which is probably not at the forefront of our minds when thinking about felted wool, is it’s use as a coffin for burials because it is totally biodegradable.  What a wonderful material it is!  And it is totally renewable – the sheep who provide this material, need to be shorn each year.  It is a crying shame that we, as a society, don’t do more with it and it is often seen as a waste product by farmers due to its lack of monetary value.  As someone who eats a plant based diet, I do struggle with the animal exploitation element of wool production, but, as with all elements of farming which involve animals, it can be done well with the welfare of the animal at the centre.  Maybe one day ……. 

But I digress, the task in hand is to examine materials and how they can be manipulated, so here goes.

Stage 1 – Material Tests

I began by looking at the individual pieces of material I had collected and putting them through various tests:

Technique – Tearing & slashing

FabricOutcome
WaddingTearing along the edge and in the middle of the sample
Fusible interfacingTearing as above
NettingTearing as above
Unwashed calicoFolding (concertina) then slashing. This fabric would not tear without a small cut made first (see below)
WallpaperTearing along the edge and in the middle
Carded wool sliverTearing lengthways along the fibre. The sample would not tear widthways across the fibre
Furnishing fabricWould not tear, in any direction, without a small cut first. (I know from experience that fabric will tear along the weft if a small cut is made). So I scrunched the fabric into a ball and then slashed it with scissors.
Wadding – torn
Fusible interfacing – torn

Images from left to right: wool sliver – torn; furnishing fabric, scrunched and slashed; wallpaper – torn and pulled; washed calico – torn

Technique – Knotting & Plaiting

FabricOutcome
WaddingPlaited well, became pliable and sculptural. Knotting just disintegrated it!
Fusible interfacingThe heavier weight sample behaved in a similar way to the wallpaper when plaited; knotting I had to twist it first in order to do so. The lighter weight one behaved in a similar way to the calico.
NettingPlaiting was not discernible, and visually you couldn’t see the difference with knotting and plaiting
Unwashed CalicoPlaiting had to be loose to see the technique, otherwise it just looked like knotting, but reminded me of ‘rags’ to knot into little girls hair to curl it!
WallpaperBecame very sculptural with plaiting – knotting didn’t work at all!
Carded Wool SliverVery satisfying to both plait and knot. Became very sculptural with knotting.
Furnishing fabricAs per the unwashed calico
Wool sliver – plaited
Waddng – plaited
Wool sliver – knotted
Wallpaper – plaited (held together with paper clips)
Fusible interfacing – plaited
Fusible interfacting – knotted
Furnishing fabric – plaited

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Part 2 – Sample Development

I must admit that I’m finding this hard now.  I’m finding it difficult to come up with new ideas as to what to do with the material I have chosen to see what ‘new’ fabric/material I can produce.  I feel it has all been done before and what I’m doing is very predictable as to the outcome, and I’m just regurgitating old and established ideas.  I am very interested in Shibori techniques for example, and smocking, but again, this is all very old stuff, and although it’s enjoyable working with the material, coming up with new ideas is difficult.  

Then an idea came to me ….. I found a spool of macrame ‘twine’ and had the idea to plait it with two strips of the wool sliver and then to try to felt it to see how it would behave …… maybe I am loosening up a bit in my approach after all!

Wool sliver and macrame twine
Plaited together (before felting)
After felting

The result was less than inspiring! Maybe I didn’t felt it enough, but the end result was not much different from the original, a little more compact due to the felting, but not that much different really.  So I’m now going to coil it up and see if I can sew it on my sewing machine, going from something very soft and pliable, to a more compact firm structure.

….. And I was very pleased with the results – I sewed straight across the middle of the sample, in segments like a pizza, and the end result was certainly more firm, but not too firm. I think the combination of the felted wool, with the ‘core’ of the much stronger cotton macrame twine, has created a soft but stable structure. 

After coiling, but before sewing
After sewing

I then had a go at just coiling up the sliver of wool on it’s own and sewing it as I had done with the macrame.  The result was very pleasing with a lovely soft, but securely constructed and firm.  It felt just as sturdy as the macrame twine plaited sample. 

Coiled sliver

The next one I did was to take the sliver of wool and twist it before coiling and sewing it as before.  Again, a very pleasing result.

Twisted before coiling

So I continued on this theme; I then knotted the sliver and coiled and sewed it. I liked the result of this, but not as much as the others as it was not as easy to create the ‘round’ result. So looking at them all together:

Clockwise from top left : sliver and macrame felted ‘rope’, coiled sliver, twisted coiled sliver and knotted coiled sliver

Sample Development (continued) …..

I then decided to return to the slashing and tearing techniques I used before.  I had an old sheet which I had earmarked for my sewing projects, specifically to use as toile material, and I decided to use some of this for this part of the project.

I used a large piece of fabric and enclosed all the scraps of fabric that I had used earlier – plus a few more and the wool sliver.  My idea was to layer up the fabric inside the larger piece of fabric and to sew shapes (in this case I went with the brief of stripes and spots) and then cut through the fabric layers to reveal glimpses of all the different fabrics within the ‘sandwich’.  This idea came to me to do this whilst I was making an advent calendar for my granddaughter! The idea of creating little pockets of ‘surprise’ appealed to me, as I had absolutely no idea how this slashing and sewing project would turn out. 

Layering the scraps of fabric inside the ‘sandwich’

I delved into my scrap bag (I never throw away any scraps from my dressmaking) and decided to put more layers of different types of fabrics, including pure cottons, jersey, stretch fabric, lining material, cord, plastic string bags from onions, garlic etc., and just kept layering them up.  I then folded the top fabric over the stock of scraps and, using my sewing machine, I sewed up the edges. I then sewed two rows of stiches straight up the middle and cut the piece in half to create two separate pieces. 

Sewing up the sandwic

I then sewed channels in one of the pieces, to create a stripe effect and random circle (or at least oval) shapes on the other, following the brief of spots and stripes. I then cut through all the layers of fabric, but not the backing, along the channels to reveal the scraps. 

Sewing the channels

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The results:

I was pleased with the fabric ‘wad’ before I made the cuts. It felt really solid, but flexible and the ridges were well pronounced.  I was also pleased with the result after I had made the cuts/slashes and ‘fanned’ the scraps out. I also, unintentionally, cut right through the fabric on one of the ridges and I was pleased with the result of that too.  In fact I felt I could have added more layers and used a more diverse range of materials. Also, as the top layer was a polyester base, I felt it I had used a more loosely woven fabric as the casing, that might have frayed more too and added to the effect of distress. I tried to tease the scraps out a bit from their restriction so that I could see more of the enclosed fabric. I screwed up each sample and this helped a little with the distressing process. Maybe I need to make my channels a bit wider and scrunch the fabric up to help the exposure process?

The circles though were less impressive. I found I had to cut the fabric on the circles in a cross and then remove the outer layer to expose the scraps within.  The effect was nowhere near as good as the lines, but again, they may have been more effective with a larger quantity of scraps inside and a different fabric as the casing.

I always try to imagine a ‘use’ for anything I make – maybe this technique could be used for rag rugs or matting? Or maybe things don’t have to have a ‘use’ they can just be what they are?

Summary

Although I have enjoyed this Materials exercise, I really don’t think I’ve achieved as much as I would have hoped to have done following on from the collage exercise. I really suprised myself with how much I enjoyed Collage, and was really looking forward to experimenting with materials. However, I feel I have just drawn myself back into techniques and materials I know well, such as wool and fabric, albeit trying to manipulate them in ways I have not done before, such as the plaiting/coiling and layering/slashing techniques. I looked at lots of different images of material manipulation on Pinterest and Instagram, and became completely overwhelmed, as I often do. During my research I came across a very interesting article, written by Joe Pitcher of TextileArtist.org, which highlights that too many techniques can be overwhelming and stifling to creativity. The full article is here: https://www.textileartist.org/textile-technique-addict (retrieved 19.10.20).

Of course, I appreciate that this course is designed to unlock your creativity by challenging you to explore new techniques and introducing new ideas to try things out, but the above article really resonated with me and I actually felt relieved that to feel overwhelmed is quite a common emotion amongst textile artists! I think that I would benefit from being in closer contact with other creatives, rather than just on-line, but of course this is not possible at this moment in these Covid times. But I do feel very isolated and although I know I can reach out to my fellow course members, this too is an overwhelming thought as I seem to spend a lot of time on-line in all areas of my life, and the thought of increasing that time in forging new connections is not something I relish.

I will now turn my attention to the next part of the course …… sketchbooks. I think this is something I’m going to really enjoy. At the beginning of this course I bought a number of ready made sketchbooks, and they are all still in pristine, blank condition ….. !

Research – Collage Artists

Kurt SCHWITTERS

b. 1887, d. 1948

SCHWITTERS work attracted me initially because of the imaginative way he utilised everyday objects to create collage pieces of art.  I enjoy the way he creates beautiful pieces of art from stuff that would usually be discarded such as bus and train tickets, sweet papers, clippings from magazines and newspapers – even scraps of reinforced envelopes such as the ones with loosely woven thread running through them and stuck onto paper for strength.  I felt he was rebelling against the consumer, capitalist society through his art.  His art resonated with me as I too continually try to re-use everyday items and create new things.

He named his work utilising this material, Merz Pictures – Merz being a word he made up derived from the second part of the word kommerz, which is German for commerce. He was attracted by the Dada movement of the arts which began in the early 20th Century in Europe as well as New York.  Dadaists worked with collage and photomontage which used found materials and objects and they rejected the violence of war and the moral and political order at the time. Their reason for being was to ‘kick against’ convention – including conventional art such as paintings and sculpture.  They used everyday, mass-produced items in their art creations which was intended as “anti-art”, and required no formal training.  It was ironic that connoisseurs of fine art at the time enthusiastically embraced it, somewhat defeating the object!

SCHWITTERS Dada work inspired him to use materials, which would otherwise be thought of as rubbish, in his creations, but Dada was not the only way he worked; he worked with many different media including, surrealism, constructivism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture and graphic design, but he was most famous for his Merz Pictures.

Kurt Schwitters, Collage with playing card, 1940, Oil and collage on board, 27.2 x 21.6 cms (10 3/4 x 8 1/2 ins), KS13775 (retrieved 25.2.19 https://abstractcritical.com/note/kurt-schwitters-collages-and-assemblages-1920-1947/index.html

Kurt Schwitters, Untitled (Golf Tee), 1947, Oil, wood, paper, shells, stone and golf-tee assemblage on corrugated board, 26.7 x 20.3 cms (10 1/2 x 8 ins), KS13786 (retrieved 25.2.19 https://abstractcritical.com/note/kurt-schwitters-collages-and-assemblages-1920-1947/index.html)

SCHWITTERS was born in Germany but was forced to leave and went to live in Norway before coming to the UK in 1940, where he eventually settled in Cumbria.  When he came to the UK his work developed into using natural objects and turning them into sculptures and buildings.  Before he died, he was creating a Merz Barn close to his home in which he dramatically changed the interior by using found objects.  After he died the Merz Barn was neglected for many years until the artist Richard Hamilton arranged for the surviving artwork inside the barn to be removed for safe keeping to the University of Newcastle’s Hatton Gallery in 1965, where it is now on public view. The barn itself remains standing and can be visited.

He had created two other Merz buildings in his lifetime, one in Germany and one in Norway – both of which were destroyed by the establishments of those countries as being too anarchistic.

The end wall of the Merz Barn in the Hatton Gallery, University of Newcastle. Photo courtesy The Hatton Gallery. (retrieved 25.2.19 – https://merzbarnlangdale.wordpress.com/)

REFERENCES:  Wikipedia,

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/kurt-schwitters-1912 (accessed 25.2.19)

https://abstractcritical.com/note/kurt-schwitters-collages-and-assemblages-1920-1947/index.html (accessed 25.2.19)

www.brittanica.com (accessed 25.2.19)

Richard HAMILTON

b. 1922, d. 2011

HAMILTON was an English painter and collage artist who is considered to be one of the founders of Pop Art.  Pop Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950’s and became a hugely influential, particularly in the music scene, in the USA and Great Britain in the 1960’s. Hamilton defined “Pop Art” as ‘Popular (designed for a mass audience), Transient (short term solution), Expendable (easily forgotten), Low cost, Mass produced, Young (aimed at youth), Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Glamorous, Big business’.

He designed the front cover for the Beatles album, which simply became known as ‘The White Album’, because the front cover was completely white with just the name of “The Beatles” embossed on the front cover. Hamilton later said that his idea for the album reflected his habit to look for the opposite, because the front cover of the band’s previous album, Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” was highly illustrated. Paradoxically, Hamilton designed a poster to go inside the album which was a collage of photographs of private photos of the band.

The Beatles “White” album
https://www.thebeatles.com/album/beatles-0 (retrieved 22.7.20)

Hamilton used many different forms of imagery in his collage work, including newspapers, magazines, advertising and photographs.  He painted over photographs and made paintings from photographs, in line with his habit of reflecting the opposite. In his later years, he even made collages on computers and used computer painting programmes to produce inkjet prints. 

I particularly like Hamilton’s work in the Pop Art genre, as it reminds me very much of my early teenage years ……

REFERENCES: 

https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-white-album-how-richard-hamilton-brought-conceptual-art-to-the-beatles (accessed 21.2.20)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hamilton_(artist)#Art_market (accessed 21.7.20)

Henri MATISSE

b. 1869, d. 1954

Although most famous for his paintings, in his later years, Matisse started to use paper and scissors to create art, which he called ‘painting with scissors’. It was out of the adversity of an acrimonious divorce which led to ill health, that this style was born.

He used bright colours and simple shapes within his works which together created simple, joyous pieces of art.  Although very simple in appearance, the shapes he created are full of life and exude an energy which I find very compelling and drawn to.  To me, it shows that Matisse, despite being in ill health, and surrounded by the tribulations of the second world war (he was living in occupied France during this period) was still full of life and creativity.  This showed through the boldness of his pictures and the brightness of the colours he used.  Looking at Matisse’s collage work instantly makes me feel happy and optimistic!

He was very influenced in his later years by the vivid colours and bright sunlight of the South of France and later, Morocco. He incorporated this into his collage work, known as The Cut-Outs. Matisse’s ‘Cut-Outs’ utilised his love of bright colour with the intricacy of cutting out simple shapes from painted paper.  He used gouache to initially paint the paper from which he then cut out shapes to form his work.  One of his works, The Swimming Pool, utilises a room in which he has recreated a swimming pool scene around the walls to depict swimmers and divers.  The figures in the work reflect the fluid movement of the swimmers and divers bodies with the water splashing.  It is a very evocative visualisation of movement and shape.

The Swimming Pool in Matisse’s dining room at the Hôtel Régina, Nice, 1952. Photo: Lydia Delectorskaya. © 2014 Succession H. Matisse

https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2014/matisse/the-swimming-pool.html (retrieved 20.7.20)


Source: Pinterest (retrieved 20.7.20)

The work was later removed from the Hôtel Régina and recreated at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) utilising as far as possible, Matisse’s original work which was mounted on a wall papered with burlap. The original burlap was replaced as it had deteriorated too much over time. 

Matisse’s cut-out work is vibrant, innovative and fun. It is a simple technique which is highly effective and uses colour to starkly contrast the images.  The resulting effects are uncluttered and impactive on the emotions of the viewer, creating, to me anyway, a sense of joy and celebration of the simplicity of the images he was portraying.  I imagine how he must have carried out his work; I’ve read that he used large scissors, but the intricacy of some of the cutting would undoubtedly have had to have been made with finer tools. Maybe. But the fact that he used the space he had – his bedroom – to cut and pin to the wall the shapes he was cutting, enabled him to change his mind and move the images around as his work evolved, is a very freeing form of art. I doubt that this feeling of freedom could be achieved using paint on a flat surface as in his earlier work. 

I particularly love this work. To me this depicts a diver leaping into a vibrant water world, and is particularly joyous to me.  I wonder if Matisse saw his work in the way that we are seeing it today? He worked in his bedroom, where he also lived, and where he was suffering from cancer; there must have been so much material all around him, in addition to the day to day detritus of living. Whereas we now see each piece individually.  I wonder if he saw the individuality in each piece?


La Perruche et la Sirene
Source: http://www.henri-matisse.net/cut_outs.html (Retrieved 20.7.20)
 

References:

http://www.henri-matisse.net/cut_outs.html

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/apr/14/henri-matisse-cut-outs-tate-modern-review

https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2014/matisse/the-cut-outs.html

Part 1 – Line

At last I’ve found the time to actually begin the first proper exercise of the course. I used a graphite block to draw the kitchen utensils I had chosen. I did enjoy using the graphite block and found it easier to control as it was bigger in my hand than a pencil. This created a nice feeling! At first I found myself trying to constantly correct my drawing with an eraser, before I ‘allowed’ myself to relax into the exercise, and stopped using it. I used a combination of sweeping strokes and lines, as well as little short strokes using minimum pressure. The graphite went onto the paper easily and very satisfactorily.

When I moved onto the left hand exercise, I found I automatically wanted to work from left to right, as I would when writing, and at first couldn’t work out how to actually put the graphite on the paper! I found that I had to start from a different perspective and from a different point on the paper entirely – in effect work in reverse, which I suppose makes sense. I had to use even less pressure using my left hand as the tendency was to try to control the strokes even more than the right hand.

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I liked the way I relaxed into the exercise, although I was extremely apprehensive because I have never considered myself able to draw. At times I lost myself in concentration trying to ‘get it right’. However, once I relaxed I just accepted the drawings for what they were and didn’t judge them.

I then moved onto using a paintbrush and ink. This was much more challenging! I had to use different techniques, such as lighter pressure, smoother longer strokes and keeping the brush on the paper instead of lifting it. The tools I had chosen were not easy to reproduce either. But I liked the way the ink worked on the paper, and the smoothness of the mark it made. I found myself automatically holding the brush higher ip the handle that I did when using the graphite and using a lighter touch. I wasn’t happy using my left hand with the paintbrush tool. I found myself doing short strokes using jerky movements, which created a feathered effect on the paper and I felt less in control of the image I was trying to copy.

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Continuous Line Drawing …..

I found this extremely challenging – I had been putting this exercise off as I had found the previous sketching difficult. This was the same! This confronted my fear of ‘getting it wrong’ and “you’re no good at this”. I even found it scary! I know that this is how I feel a lot of the time in life – scared of making mistakes and looking like an idiot. But who’s going to judge me for this? Only myself. I totally get why these exercises are part of the course; it takes you out of your comfort zone. I even found myself flicking through the work book to find our when I actually get to work with fabric – my comfort zone!

But ….. I did it, and it wasn’t too bad. I can’t say I actually enjoyed it, but I did it. The main thing I found was that although I’m really scrutinising the object that I’m sketching, I still get the scale completely wrong and miss out crucial details of the object. The lesson for me here is to look more carefully and take my time. Because I wanted to be finished as quick as possible, I rushed it!

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Drawing Blind …..

This was also difficult for me – I had to really fight the urge to look down, but I was fairly pleased with the result. Again, I was keen to ‘get it over with’, but I did quite enjoy it, and after the five minutes was up, I felt as if I could have gone on for longer.

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Memory Drawing …..

I found this easier, as it made me draw on my own memory, and I felt less pressure to exactly recreate the image. Of all the exercises I have done today – this was my favourite. I also had a go at drawing from memory with my eyes closed. I didn’t like this feeling of not being in control!